SOLUTION [CLASS-12]

byMahanand Tudu -
0

SOLUTION

CONTENTS

1. SOLUTION, BINARY SOLUTION, SOLVENT & SOLUTE, AQUEOUS & NON- AQUEOUS SOLUTION

2.TYPES OF SOLUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF PHYSICAL STATE OF THE SOLVENT

3.EXPRESSING CONCENTRATIONS OF SOLUTIONS

4.SOLUBILITY

1. SOLUTION :-  A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more chemically non- reacting substances whose composition can be varied within certain limits. In a homogeneous mixture , all the particles are of molecular size, i.e., up to nanometre in diameter and the different constituents of the mixture cannot be separated by any of the physical methods like filtration, settling or centrifuging. Every solution is made up of a solvent and one or more solutes.

BINARY SOLUTION :- A solution containing only one solute dissolved in a solvent is called binary solution.

SOLVENT AND SOLUTE :- A solvent is that component of the solution which is present in larger amount by mass than the other component, called as solute.

AQUEOUS AND NON- AQUEOUS SOLUTION :- Solutions in water are called aqueous solutions, and the solutions in which water is not the solvent are called non - aqueous solutions. Benzene , ether, carbon tetrachloride etc., are used as solvents in non aqueous solutions.

2. TYPES OF SOLUTIONS ON THE BASIS OF PHYSICAL STATE OF THE SOLVENT

S.No.SoluteSolventType of solutionsExamples
1.SolidSolidSolid in solidAlloys(brass, bronze, 22 carat gold etc.)
2.LiquidSolidLiquid in SolidHydrated salts, Amalgam of Hg with Na
3.GasSolidGas in SolidDissolved gases in minerals or H2in Pd
4.SolidLiquidSolid in liquidSalts/glucose/sugar/urea solution in water
5.LiquidLiquidLiquid in liquidMethanol/Ethanol in water
6.GasLiquidGas in liquidAerated drinks, Oxygen in water
7.SOlidGasSolid in gasIodine vapours in air, Camphor in N2gas
8.LiquidGasLiquid in gasHumidity in air, Chloroform in N2gas
9.GasGasgas in gasAir ( N2 gas + O2 gas )

3. EXPRESSING CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTIONS

  A). Percentage :

a). Mass % of a component ( w/w) = [Mass of the component in solution / Total mass of solution]  x 100

b) Volume % of a component v/v) = [Volume of the component in solution / Total volume of solution]  x  100                                                                                                                                                                  

c) Mass/volume %  of a component = [mass of the component in solution/ total volume of solution in ml]  x 100          

 B) STRENGTH :- The amount of the solute in gram present in one litre ( or decimetre cube) of the solution is called strength of the solution.
                   strength of a solution = [ mass of the solute in gram/ volume of the solution in litre]
   C) MOLARITY ( M ) :-   The number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of solution is called molarity. 
                               Molarity = [ number of moles of solute / volume of the solution in litre]
*  unit - mole / litre
* Molarity is temperature dependent.
* Some common fractions of molarity- 
     1M = Molar ,     M/2 = Semimolar ,     M/10 = Decimolar ,      M/100 = Centimolar ,                      M/1000=Millimolar  
* FORMALITY(F) :- The number of gram formula masses of the solute dissolved per litre of the solution is called formality.                                                                                                                                                 
                  Formality = [ number of gram formula mass of solute / volume of the solution in litre] 

 It is used for ionic compounds.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         



Tags:
Post a Comment (0)
Previous Post Next Post